Copper smelters charge penalties on top of standard concentrate treatment and refining charges for the presence of impurities that are harmful to copper smelting and refining process The penalties apply per tonne of concentrate when concentrations of elements such as arsenic, mercury, antimony, bismuth, fluorine or zinc exceed defined limits...
Copper miners pay the charges to smelters to process ore into refined metal, offsetting what the smelters pay for copper concentrate An annual benchmark agreed by both sides towards the end of each year plays a large part in determining the profitability of global copper miners and smelters...
treat low grade concentrates, bulk concentrates or concentrates with penalty elements A number of variables that have been examined in the financial analysis including: - copper price - plant capacity - concentrate Cu grade - concentrate mineralogy leading to high S oxidation in refinery - ,...
Smelting: Then, copper concentrates are mixed with silica (sand) and limestone and heated in a furnace to form two naturally-separating layers One layer is a waste containing iron and silica compounds and is discarded as slag slagByproduct left after a desired metal is thermally separated from its raw ore Approximately 75 percent of the ....
Nussir does not expect any penalties for its very clean copper concentrate If the concentrate producer does not meet these specifications financial penalties are levied Samples are taken of the concentrate during the shipping of concentrate to a smelter and determine the level of payable metal, moisture and impurities in the concentrate...
The copper products most commonly traded at arm’s length are copper concentrates and refined copper cathod Trade in copper ore is usually uneconomic because much of the ore material is gangue that is commercially worthless2 Blister and anode copper products are traded, but these markets are more opaque because transactions...
conventional copper smelting Environmental regulations have resulted in avoidance of high-arsenic copper sulfide concentrates and led to increased smelter penalties and lower acceptable amounts of arsenic in the concentrates treated An example from the US is presented: Arsenic Plant...
Other penalty elements may also be extracted from copper concentrates during ASL, including Bi and Te, however further research is needed to better understand the behaviour of these elements Arsenic associated with enargite minerals is extracted from copper concentrates by ,...
Net smelter return The net smelter return (NSR) refers to the revenues expected from the mill feed, taking into consideration mill recoveries, transport costs of the concentrate to the smelter, treatment and refining charges, and other deductions at the smelter...
At the heart of the process is a patented Alkaline Leaching (AL) step that solubilises key penalty impurities or metals The chemistry of the leach leaves the copper, lead or nickel in solid form in the concentrate, eliminating the need for downstream recovery of these metals...
suggests that concentrate may remain in short supply 2 The price of sulphuric acid can have a profound effect on smelting economics since smelting one tonne of copper concentrate generates one tonne of sulphuric ac The price per tonne in Japan is currently around $80 but it has been as low as $20 and as high as $400 The largest demand is...
Japanese smelters charge additional monetary penalties for every 1 ppm over the 10 ppm Hg limit while the Chinese government has banned the import of copper concentrates that exceed 100 ppm Hg ....
The 2018 annual update of our Copper Concentrates long-term service is now available The report includes detailed analysis of the current dynamics of the global and regional concentrate ,...
Aug 01, 2009· ‘Each ore will have a different window depending on which copper and arsenic minerals are present,’ explains Bruckard The process produces separate low-arsenic and high-arsenic concentrat The low-arsenic substance can be sold off to smelters at no penalty, while the high-arsenic product is roasted at about 700ºC in a fluid bed reactor...
One prevalent form of copper concentrate contains gold and silver, like the one produced by Bougainville Copper Limited from the Panguna mine from the early 1970s to the late 1980s The typical contract for a miner is denominated against the London Metal Exchange price, minus the TC-RCs and any applicable penalties or credits...
INTRODUCTION •Sulphide copper accounts for almost 80 percent of world mine production and more than 2/3 of Chilean production and its expected to grow its share over the time •Smelting arise as a strategic process for copper producer countri Chile maintains around 9 percent of global smelting...
Apr 24, 2019· Penalties are a fact of the market and help participants price the value of certain minerals in copper concentrat In the cases where concentrates contain mineralization that would ordinarily face market penalties and penalties are not included – we will not include this trade data in the index...
China will apply import tariffs of 25% on a series of US metal products including copper concentrates, the Chinese government said in an official notice on Friday August 3, marking an escalation of the trade war between the two countri...
Jul 15, 2013· It is commonly known that copper smelter terms include penalties if the concentrations of elements, such as arsenic, mercury and fluorine, exceed stipulated limits It is less commonly known that the behaviour of these elements in the smelters can depend on the processes used to treat the concentrate...
Both parties agree to discuss in good faith a commercial take off agreement for the delivery of polymetallic concentrates (Cu/Au, Pb/Ag and Zn) to begin to be shipped in June 2011, once the production is stabilized and the seller declared the commercial production for each concentrate, copper,...
33 Deductions – Penalties TC The price of the raw materials shall be the sum of the values of the payable metals less the sum of the deductions For instance, a iron penalty means that for each 10%-units by which the final iron assay exceeds 800%, seller shall pay a penalty charge of 200 USD per DMT of concentrates, fractions pro rata...
suggests that concentrate may remain in short supply 2 The price of sulphuric acid can have a profound effect on smelting economics since smelting one tonne of copper concentrate generates one tonne of sulphuric ac The price per tonne in Japan is currently around $80 but it has been as low as $20 and as high as $400 The largest demand is...
Optimal Scheduling for Copper Concentrates Operations in Aurubis Production Process Yingkai Song, Brenno C Menezes, Ignacio E Grossmann Center of Advanced Process Decision-making...
Copper concentrates are produced by the beneficiation, or upgrading, of copper ore A typical copper ore would be 07% to 2% copper, a typical copper concentrate would grade around 25% to 35% copper Copper concentrates are either smelted and refined in-house, or sold to custom smelters...
Oct 12, 2018· China's unwrought copper imports surged to their highest in 2-1/2 years in September, while copper concentrate imports climbed an all-time high as the world's top copper ,...
Production costs of the non-ferrous metals in the EU and other countries: Copper and zinc , Smelters and refineries require concentrate specifications that limit the amount of impurities allowable in concentrates, otherwise financial penalties are levied , (Eurostat, 2016a) in the European Union the average import price paid for copper ....
Cadmium is mainly a byproduct of beneficiating and refining of zinc metal from sulfide ore concentrat Refining of zinc and its cadmium content, can be accomplished by treating the zinc concentrates and/or zinc-bearing secondary materials using either a hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical process...
Sep 11, 2019· The recoveries of copper and zinc to their respective concentrates have improved significantly over the 2017 Pre-feasibility (PFS) Life of Mine (LOM) results including improved zinc concentrate ....
The combined rougher-scavenger concentrate may be 5% Cu and 006% Mo (a concentration factor of 3 to 10 times is typical) The scavenger or combined rougher/scavenger concentrate may go to regrind where it is ground to further liberate the minerals The rougher and scavenger concentrates ultimately reach the copper molybdenum cleaners...
found in copper and nickel concentrates as well One considers a “typical” copper concentrate as having about 25+% copper and some minor quantity of impurities, preferably rich in precious metals In practice, smelters purchase all variety of concentrates and ,...
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Copper Industry Feature–Pain in the Arsenic: Impurities in ,
Copper smelters charge penalties on top of standard concentrate treatment and refining charges for the presence of impurities that are harmful to copper smelting and refining process The penalties apply per tonne of concentrate when concentrations of elements such as arsenic, mercury, antimony, bismuth, fluorine or zinc exceed defined limits...
China copper treatment charges for 2019 to fall as ,
Copper miners pay the charges to smelters to process ore into refined metal, offsetting what the smelters pay for copper concentrate An annual benchmark agreed by both sides towards the end of each year plays a large part in determining the profitability of global copper miners and smelters...
ON-SITE PROCESSING VS SALE OF COPPER ,
treat low grade concentrates, bulk concentrates or concentrates with penalty elements A number of variables that have been examined in the financial analysis including: - copper price - plant capacity - concentrate Cu grade - concentrate mineralogy leading to high S oxidation in refinery - ,...
TENORM: Copper Mining and Production Wastes | Radiation ,
Smelting: Then, copper concentrates are mixed with silica (sand) and limestone and heated in a furnace to form two naturally-separating layers One layer is a waste containing iron and silica compounds and is discarded as slag slagByproduct left after a desired metal is thermally separated from its raw ore Approximately 75 percent of the ....
Copper Markets - NUSSIR ASA - arctic minerals norway
Nussir does not expect any penalties for its very clean copper concentrate If the concentrate producer does not meet these specifications financial penalties are levied Samples are taken of the concentrate during the shipping of concentrate to a smelter and determine the level of payable metal, moisture and impurities in the concentrate...
ADDRESSING INFORMATION GAPS ON PRICES OF ,
The copper products most commonly traded at arm’s length are copper concentrates and refined copper cathod Trade in copper ore is usually uneconomic because much of the ore material is gangue that is commercially worthless2 Blister and anode copper products are traded, but these markets are more opaque because transactions...
Pyrometallurgical Processing Technologies for Treating ,
conventional copper smelting Environmental regulations have resulted in avoidance of high-arsenic copper sulfide concentrates and led to increased smelter penalties and lower acceptable amounts of arsenic in the concentrates treated An example from the US is presented: Arsenic Plant...
Selective leaching of penalty elements from copper ,
Other penalty elements may also be extracted from copper concentrates during ASL, including Bi and Te, however further research is needed to better understand the behaviour of these elements Arsenic associated with enargite minerals is extracted from copper concentrates by ,...
Net smelter return - QueensMineDesignWiki
Net smelter return The net smelter return (NSR) refers to the revenues expected from the mill feed, taking into consideration mill recoveries, transport costs of the concentrate to the smelter, treatment and refining charges, and other deductions at the smelter...
The Toowong Process | Core Group
At the heart of the process is a patented Alkaline Leaching (AL) step that solubilises key penalty impurities or metals The chemistry of the leach leaves the copper, lead or nickel in solid form in the concentrate, eliminating the need for downstream recovery of these metals...
APPENDIX B - Canadaca
suggests that concentrate may remain in short supply 2 The price of sulphuric acid can have a profound effect on smelting economics since smelting one tonne of copper concentrate generates one tonne of sulphuric ac The price per tonne in Japan is currently around $80 but it has been as low as $20 and as high as $400 The largest demand is...
The whys and wherefores of penalty elements in copper ,
Japanese smelters charge additional monetary penalties for every 1 ppm over the 10 ppm Hg limit while the Chinese government has banned the import of copper concentrates that exceed 100 ppm Hg ....
Global copper concentrates long-term outlook 2018 | Wood ,
The 2018 annual update of our Copper Concentrates long-term service is now available The report includes detailed analysis of the current dynamics of the global and regional concentrate ,...
Rejecting arsenic from copper ores | IOM3
Aug 01, 2009· ‘Each ore will have a different window depending on which copper and arsenic minerals are present,’ explains Bruckard The process produces separate low-arsenic and high-arsenic concentrat The low-arsenic substance can be sold off to smelters at no penalty, while the high-arsenic product is roasted at about 700ºC in a fluid bed reactor...
Copper extraction - Wikipedia
One prevalent form of copper concentrate contains gold and silver, like the one produced by Bougainville Copper Limited from the Panguna mine from the early 1970s to the late 1980s The typical contract for a miner is denominated against the London Metal Exchange price, minus the TC-RCs and any applicable penalties or credits...
COPPER CONCENTRATES: SMELTING TECHNOLOGIES ,
INTRODUCTION •Sulphide copper accounts for almost 80 percent of world mine production and more than 2/3 of Chilean production and its expected to grow its share over the time •Smelting arise as a strategic process for copper producer countri Chile maintains around 9 percent of global smelting...
FAQ: Changes to Fastmarkets’ copper concentrate TC/RC ,
Apr 24, 2019· Penalties are a fact of the market and help participants price the value of certain minerals in copper concentrat In the cases where concentrates contain mineralization that would ordinarily face market penalties and penalties are not included – we will not include this trade data in the index...
UPDATE 1: China announces 25% import tariffs in ,
China will apply import tariffs of 25% on a series of US metal products including copper concentrates, the Chinese government said in an official notice on Friday August 3, marking an escalation of the trade war between the two countri...
The Whys and Wherefores of Penalty Elements in Copper ,
Jul 15, 2013· It is commonly known that copper smelter terms include penalties if the concentrations of elements, such as arsenic, mercury and fluorine, exceed stipulated limits It is less commonly known that the behaviour of these elements in the smelters can depend on the processes used to treat the concentrate...
Purchase Contract [303-11CMX-028-0-P] effective date May ,
Both parties agree to discuss in good faith a commercial take off agreement for the delivery of polymetallic concentrates (Cu/Au, Pb/Ag and Zn) to begin to be shipped in June 2011, once the production is stabilized and the seller declared the commercial production for each concentrate, copper,...
Zinc smelter - Boliden
33 Deductions – Penalties TC The price of the raw materials shall be the sum of the values of the payable metals less the sum of the deductions For instance, a iron penalty means that for each 10%-units by which the final iron assay exceeds 800%, seller shall pay a penalty charge of 200 USD per DMT of concentrates, fractions pro rata...
APPENDIX B - Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency
suggests that concentrate may remain in short supply 2 The price of sulphuric acid can have a profound effect on smelting economics since smelting one tonne of copper concentrate generates one tonne of sulphuric ac The price per tonne in Japan is currently around $80 but it has been as low as $20 and as high as $400 The largest demand is...
Optimal Scehduling for Copper Concentrates Operations in ,
Optimal Scheduling for Copper Concentrates Operations in Aurubis Production Process Yingkai Song, Brenno C Menezes, Ignacio E Grossmann Center of Advanced Process Decision-making...
Copper: How it is Sold and Priced | MarketCap
Copper concentrates are produced by the beneficiation, or upgrading, of copper ore A typical copper ore would be 07% to 2% copper, a typical copper concentrate would grade around 25% to 35% copper Copper concentrates are either smelted and refined in-house, or sold to custom smelters...
China September copper imports jump on scrap crackdown ,
Oct 12, 2018· China's unwrought copper imports surged to their highest in 2-1/2 years in September, while copper concentrate imports climbed an all-time high as the world's top copper ,...
Production costs of the non-ferrous metals in the EU and ,
Production costs of the non-ferrous metals in the EU and other countries: Copper and zinc , Smelters and refineries require concentrate specifications that limit the amount of impurities allowable in concentrates, otherwise financial penalties are levied , (Eurostat, 2016a) in the European Union the average import price paid for copper ....
Cadmium: processing-Metalpedia
Cadmium is mainly a byproduct of beneficiating and refining of zinc metal from sulfide ore concentrat Refining of zinc and its cadmium content, can be accomplished by treating the zinc concentrates and/or zinc-bearing secondary materials using either a hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical process...
Kutcho Copper Recovers up to 923% Copper and 842% Zinc ,
Sep 11, 2019· The recoveries of copper and zinc to their respective concentrates have improved significantly over the 2017 Pre-feasibility (PFS) Life of Mine (LOM) results including improved zinc concentrate ....
Introduction to Mineral Processing - Chevron Phillips Chemical
The combined rougher-scavenger concentrate may be 5% Cu and 006% Mo (a concentration factor of 3 to 10 times is typical) The scavenger or combined rougher/scavenger concentrate may go to regrind where it is ground to further liberate the minerals The rougher and scavenger concentrates ultimately reach the copper molybdenum cleaners...
TACKLING IMPURITIES IN COPPER CONCENTRATES
found in copper and nickel concentrates as well One considers a “typical” copper concentrate as having about 25+% copper and some minor quantity of impurities, preferably rich in precious metals In practice, smelters purchase all variety of concentrates and ,...
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